Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development

doi: 10.1002/advs.202103222

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical trials involving exosomes, based on an analysis of clinical trials listed in clinicaltrial.gov (May 25th, 2021; search bar: “Other terms”; keyword: “Exosome”; exclusion: trials without FDA‐defined phases). More than 40% of the trials are cancer‐related (phase I–III); other trials (color coded) are investigating exosomes as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, stroke, periodontitis, and other conditions.

Article Snippet: [ ] Based on these trial results, biotechnology companies are developing MSC‐derived exosomes for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (Celltex Therapeutics), [ ] neural stem cell‐derived exosomes for penetrating the blood‐brain barrier (Aruna Bio), [ ] and an exosome‐based vaccine platform for preventing infectious diseases (Codiak BioSciences).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Diagnostic Assay

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Recent advances in nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: The strategies, including achievements and limitations in targeted delivery of nanomedicines which could regulate inflammation response and promote tissue repair.

Article Snippet: , Biomimetic targeting , Exosomes derived from MSCs , Enhanced neuroprotection and nerve regeneration, improved neurovascular plasticity , , .

Techniques: Liposomes, In Vivo, Modification, Activity Assay, Virus, Derivative Assay, Functional Assay

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Recent advances in nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: The strategies, including achievements and limitations in targeted delivery of nanomedicines which could regulate inflammation response and promote tissue repair.

Article Snippet: , Biomimetic targeting , miR-17-92 contained exosomes derived from MSCs , Promoted neurogenesis, axon growth and functional recovery , , .

Techniques: Liposomes, In Vivo, Modification, Activity Assay, Virus, Derivative Assay, Functional Assay

Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Article Title: Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Tool for Tissue Repair

doi: 10.1002/sctm.16-0477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the main two types of extracellular vesicles released by cells, either by fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane or by direct budding from the plasma membrane. A wide range of cargo is transported within exosomes, including mRNA, miRNA, proteins, etc. Abbreviations: IncRNA, long non‐coding RNA; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; miRNA, microRNA; MVB, multivesicular bodies.

Article Snippet: The highest vessel densities and numbers of mature vessels were identified in hiPSC‐MSC derived exosomes (hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos) group, and increased migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed in the presence of hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos compared with MesenGro hMSC medium (StemRD, Burlingame, CA, http://www.stemrd.com ) without hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos group, as well as the enhanced tube formation of HUVECs treated with hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos .

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Immunopeptidomics

Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Article Title: Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Tool for Tissue Repair

doi: 10.1002/sctm.16-0477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of signaling pathways that were involved in exosomes/MVs mediated pro‐regenerative capacity in cutaneous wound healing, bone regeneration, hindlimb ischemia, and vascular injury repair. The mechanisms of tissue recovery following EVs treatment have been attributed in part to the ability of exosomes/MVs to promote angiogenesis at the site of injury. Exosomes/MVs can promote bone regeneration through modulating the osteogenic differentiation of recipient BMSCs. Exosomes/EVs treatment can promote the cutaneous wound healing process, while excessive scar formation can be prevented in later stages. Exosomes/MVs‐shuttled miRNAs have been demonstrated to reduce inflammation by modulating target proteins in inflammatory signaling pathway during wound healing. Abbreviations: ‐, the specific signaling pathway has not been identified; BMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; EV, extracellular vesicle; miRNA, microRNA; MV, microvesicle.

Article Snippet: The highest vessel densities and numbers of mature vessels were identified in hiPSC‐MSC derived exosomes (hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos) group, and increased migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed in the presence of hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos compared with MesenGro hMSC medium (StemRD, Burlingame, CA, http://www.stemrd.com ) without hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos group, as well as the enhanced tube formation of HUVECs treated with hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos .

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Article Title: Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Tool for Tissue Repair

doi: 10.1002/sctm.16-0477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of the main types of extracellular vesicles [ 11 , 13 , 14 ]

Article Snippet: The highest vessel densities and numbers of mature vessels were identified in hiPSC‐MSC derived exosomes (hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos) group, and increased migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed in the presence of hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos compared with MesenGro hMSC medium (StemRD, Burlingame, CA, http://www.stemrd.com ) without hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos group, as well as the enhanced tube formation of HUVECs treated with hiPSC‐MSC‐Exos .

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of extracellular vehicles (EVs) subtypes.

Article Snippet: Another important study demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, when administered intravenously, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, led to substantial neuroprotective and neurohealing effects by reducing loss of neuronal cells, neuroinflammation and augmenting neurogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model TBI (Zhang et al., ).

Techniques: Membrane, Clinical Proteomics, Transmission Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434

Figure Lengend Snippet: The study of candidate EVs biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) from different biofluids.

Article Snippet: Another important study demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, when administered intravenously, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, led to substantial neuroprotective and neurohealing effects by reducing loss of neuronal cells, neuroinflammation and augmenting neurogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model TBI (Zhang et al., ).

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Quantitative Proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434

Figure Lengend Snippet: Studies related to EVs as biomarkers in TBI.

Article Snippet: Another important study demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, when administered intravenously, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, led to substantial neuroprotective and neurohealing effects by reducing loss of neuronal cells, neuroinflammation and augmenting neurogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model TBI (Zhang et al., ).

Techniques: Isolation, In Vivo, In Vitro, Derivative Assay, Centrifugation, Flow Cytometry, Electron Microscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Functional Assay, Transmission Assay, Expressing, Sequencing, Small Interfering RNA, Activity Assay, Microarray, Microinjection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434

Figure Lengend Snippet: Possible mechanistic and therapeutic approach of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) following traumatic brain injury: TBI breaches the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in a cascade of reactions such as hypoxia, edema, cellular infiltration, and release of inflammatory mediators by immune cell. This causes an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, all of which damage neurons and activate astrocytes and microglia. Activated astrocytes and microglia set off inflammatory processes that further damage neurons and other cells, leading to tissue loss and functional deficiencies over the long term. When we use MSCs to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI), MSCs and their released exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and migrate steadily to the damaged area of the brain. There, they release a variety of cytokines, including neurotrophic factors and vascular regeneration factors, to promote nerve and blood vessel repair and regeneration, leading to the restoration of the brain microvascular system and its function. Figure created with BioRender.com .

Article Snippet: Another important study demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, when administered intravenously, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, led to substantial neuroprotective and neurohealing effects by reducing loss of neuronal cells, neuroinflammation and augmenting neurogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model TBI (Zhang et al., ).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Unveiling exosomes: Cutting‐edge isolation techniques and their therapeutic potential

doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70139

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical applications of exosomes. Exosomes can be extracted from bodily fluids, lymph, bile, blood, urine and etc. Analysing the molecular contents of exosomes can provide unique opportunities in their identifications. Exosomes can be used as biomarkers in disease diagnosis and surveillance. Clinical treatment mostly involves these strategies: First, cargo, including drugs, nucleic acids and proteins, can be encapsulated in exosomes and targeted to the mentioned sites. Also, immunotherapy can be used in cancer and other disease therapies.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, the therapeutic use of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs has been approved to mitigate neuroinflammation and enhance therapeutic efficacy in AD‐affected mice by repairing cognitive dysfunctions and reducing amyloid beta protein (Aβ) deposition., Based on the promising results observed in these clinical trials, several biotechnology companies, including Celltex Therapeutics, are actively advancing the development of MSC‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exo)‐based treatments specifically targeted at addressing Alzheimer's disease.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

Article Title: Exploring the landscape of exosomes in heart failure: a bibliometric analysis

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Global publication distribution and citation trends. (A) Geographic publication distribution of exosomes in HF. (B) Trends in the publications of exosomes in HF.

Article Snippet: Yan et al incorporated human endometrial MSC-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into a polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI) matrix enhances the regenerative potential of this conductive biomaterial, resulting in an injectable hydrogel with therapeutic benefits.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

Article Title: Exploring the landscape of exosomes in heart failure: a bibliometric analysis

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Visualization of co-authors and co-cited journals. (A) Co-cited authors collaboration network on exosomes in HF. (B) Co-cited journal network on exosomes in HF.

Article Snippet: Yan et al incorporated human endometrial MSC-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into a polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI) matrix enhances the regenerative potential of this conductive biomaterial, resulting in an injectable hydrogel with therapeutic benefits.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

Article Title: Exploring the landscape of exosomes in heart failure: a bibliometric analysis

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hot keywords on exosomes in HF. (A) Co-cited network on exosomes in HF by VOSviewer. (B) Clustering on exosomes in HF keywords by CiteSpace. (C) Time clustering on exosomes in HF by CiteSpace. (D) Top 25 keywords with the strongest citation burst by CiteSpace.

Article Snippet: Yan et al incorporated human endometrial MSC-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into a polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI) matrix enhances the regenerative potential of this conductive biomaterial, resulting in an injectable hydrogel with therapeutic benefits.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

Article Title: Exploring the landscape of exosomes in heart failure: a bibliometric analysis

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hot references on exosomes in HF. (A) Co-occurrence network of co-cited references on exosomes in HF by VOSviewer. (B) Clustering of references on exosomes in HF. (C) Time clustering of references on exosomes in HF by CiteSpace. (D) Top 25 references with the strongest citation bursts by CiteSpace.

Article Snippet: Yan et al incorporated human endometrial MSC-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into a polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI) matrix enhances the regenerative potential of this conductive biomaterial, resulting in an injectable hydrogel with therapeutic benefits.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

Article Title: Exploring the landscape of exosomes in heart failure: a bibliometric analysis

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Function of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of heart failure. Exosomes can be isolated from mesenchymal stem cell supernatant by gradient centrifugation. Exosomes are secreted into the bull’s eye and blood vessels, exerting a significant inhibitory effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, immune cell infiltration and cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis during tissue repair. The figure was created by BioRender ( www.biorender.com ).

Article Snippet: Yan et al incorporated human endometrial MSC-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into a polypyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI) matrix enhances the regenerative potential of this conductive biomaterial, resulting in an injectable hydrogel with therapeutic benefits.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Isolation, Gradient Centrifugation